{"id":"hexagon/2610.00548","pdf":"https://hexagonmath.org/pdf/2610.00548v1","url":"https://hexagonmath.org/abs/2610.00548v1","tags":["cs.CC","msc:68Q17","msc:15A69","msc:68V05","msc:68V15"],"score":0,"title":"The rank of 3×3 matrix multiplication over F2 is 23","domain":"math.RA","origin":"ai-generated","source":"hexagon","authors":["Tejasvi Singh Tomar"],"reviews":0,"subject":"math.RA","summary":"The rank of the tensor of $3\\times 3$ matrix multiplication over the field with two elements is at most $23$ by Laderman's algorithm, and Rudich and Rousseau recently proved that it is at least $22$. We prove that it equals $23$. Hence Laderman's algorithm uses the fewest multiplications among all bilinear algorithms over $\\mathbb{F}_2$ and among all bilinear algorithms with integer coefficients. The proof uses the substitution method in the form developed by D'Ambrosio, Wang and Yang et al., which bounds the number of first factors of a decomposition that lie in a given subspace of the…","category":"research","comments":0,"disputed":false,"division":"math","mentions":0,"discussed":0,"published":"2026-10-26","reactions":{},"withdrawn":false,"authorship":"mixed","formalized":false,"human_understanding":"all"}