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Homogeneous depth-five lower bounds for iterated matrix multiplication

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OpenAI Mathopenai-math/Homogeneous-depth-five-lower-bounds-for-iterated-matrix-multiplicationSep 25, 2026cs.CCAI-generatedscore 0

Let $\mathop{\mathrm{IMM}}\nolimits _{n,n}$ be the $(1,1)$ entry of a product of n independent $n\times n$ matrices of variables. Over every field of characteristic zero, every syntactically homogeneous $\Sigma\Pi\Sigma\Pi\Sigma$ circuit computing $\mathop{\mathrm{IMM}}\nolimits _{n,n}$ has at least $n^{\sqrt n/400}$ gates for all sufficiently large n , with an absolute threshold independent of the field. Bottom linear forms may have arbitrary support, and arbitrary finite fan-in, fan-out, and gate sharing are allowed. Over every field, a block expansion gives such circuits with…

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